Learn Spanish Grammar
Adjectives [Source]
The Spanish language uses adjectives in a similar way to English and most other Indo-European languages. Spanish adjectives usually go after the noun they modify, and they agree with what they refer to in terms of both number (singular/plural) and gender (masculine/feminine).
Spanish adjectives are very similar to nouns, and often interchangeable with them. A bare adjective can take an article and be used in the same place as a noun (where English would require nominalization using the pronoun one(s)).
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Adverbs [Source]
In Spanish, as in English, most adverbs are made by adding a suffix to adjectives. To create an adverb from an adjective that is inflected, i.e ends in -o or -a, inflect the adjective for the feminine form. Then add -mente. However, there are also many common adverbs that exist on their own and do not end in -mente.
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Articles
Like English, Spanish has two types of articles, definite (the) and indefinite (a). However, unlike English, Spanish articles also have gender and plurality which "agree" with what they refer to in terms of both number (singular/plural) and gender (masculine/feminine). Thus whereas in English the article in the girl and the cats are the same, in Spanish it would be la niña and los gatos.
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Conjunctions
Spanish conjunctions basically operate the same as English conjunctions. However, one must note that y changes to e and o changes to u when preceding a word that begins with a vowel.
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Nouns [Source]
Spanish has nouns that express concrete objects, groups and classes of objects, qualities, feelings and other abstractions. All nouns have a conventional grammatical gender. With some irregularity, -o is male, -a is female, and -e is neuter (generally, -ma nouns are male). Countable nouns inflect for number (singular and plural) with an "s" at the end, as in English.
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Prepositions
Prepositions in Spanish operate in a way very similar to English. However, because they often have a slightly different meaning, it can be difficult to know which one to use in specific cases.
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Pronouns
The Spanish language has a range of pronouns that in some ways work quite differently from English ones. For specifics see Demostrative Pronouns, Indefinite Pronouns, Interrogative Pronouns, Possessive Pronouns, Relative Pronouns, and Subject Pronouns.
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Verbs [Source]
Spanish verbs are one of the most complex areas of Spanish grammar. The Spanish verb system is separated into 11 distinct tenses, referring to both time and mood. Seven "compound tenses" also exist, and have the auxiliary verb haber along with the past participle. Verbs can be used in other forms such as the present progressive tense but this is not considered an official conjugation of the verb (ex. Voy a ir - I'm going to go).
A large number of everyday use verbs are irregular. The rest fall into one of three regular conjugations, which have infinitives ending in -ar, -er, or -ir. The -ar verbs are the most common, and new verbs usually adapt the -ar form. The -er and -ir verbs are far fewer and tend to be more irregular.
There are also many semi-regular verbs which show vowel alternation conditioned by stress. These include the e->i, e->ie, and o->ue verbs.
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